Adult Critical Care Specialty (ACCS) Practice Exam

What vital sign change is observed in the 50 y.o. female patient that suggests potential shock?

1. Low heart rate

2. High respiratory rate

3. Normal blood pressure

4. Normal temperature

The correct answer is: High respiratory rate

In cases of potential shock, one of the key changes often observed is an elevated respiratory rate, which is also known as tachypnea. When the body is under stress or not receiving adequate oxygenated blood, it compensates by increasing the respiratory rate to enhance oxygen intake and support metabolism. This increased demand for oxygen can manifest as a high respiratory rate, indicating that the body is attempting to maintain adequate organ perfusion and function despite potential circulatory failure. Other options may not indicate shock effectively. For instance, a low heart rate does not typically signal shock; rather, heart rates usually increase due to the body's compensatory mechanisms when faced with shock. Normal blood pressure may suggest stabilization or less severe conditions since hypotension is a more direct indicator of shock. Lastly, a normal temperature indicates that there is likely no infection or systemic inflammatory response at this moment, which can further complicate shock scenarios. Therefore, the elevated respiratory rate serves as a crucial sign of an underlying issue that requires further assessment and intervention.